What Is Gender-Based Violence?
Gender-based violence (GBV) refers to harmful acts directed at an individual based on their gender. It is rooted in gender inequality, the abuse of power, and harmful social norms. GBV affects people of all backgrounds, but women and girls are disproportionately affected.
GBV encompasses a broad range of abusive behaviours — physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and economic — that cause harm, suffering, or deprivation of liberty to the victim. It occurs across all societies, cultures, and income levels.
"Gender-based violence is one of the most widespread, persistent, and devastating human rights violations in our world today."
Understanding GBV starts with recognising that it is not a private matter. It is a structural issue driven by unequal power relations — and it demands a collective response.
Types & Forms
GBV presents in many forms, often overlapping. Recognising all forms is critical to providing appropriate support and justice.
Physical Violence
Hitting, slapping, kicking, choking, burning, or any physical force used to harm, injure, or intimidate a person.
Sexual Violence
Rape, sexual assault, harassment, forced marriage, and any non-consensual sexual act or exploitation.
Psychological / Emotional Violence
Verbal abuse, threats, humiliation, isolation, and manipulation that undermine a person's mental well-being.
Economic Violence
Denying access to financial resources, preventing employment, or sabotaging a person's economic independence.
Digital / Technology-Facilitated GBV
Cyberstalking, non-consensual sharing of intimate images, and online harassment via technology.
Harmful Traditional Practices
FGM, child marriage, honour-based violence, and other cultural practices that harm individuals.
The Scale of the Crisis
These figures, drawn from WHO and UN Women data, reflect a global emergency that demands urgent action.
Women worldwide have experienced physical or sexual violence in their lifetime.
of women who experience partner violence ever seek help of any sort.
Women are killed every day by a partner or family member globally.
of women who experienced stalking reported it was perpetrated by a current or former partner.
In South Africa, the statistics are among the most alarming in the world. GBV is a national crisis — every statistic represents a human life deserving of dignity and safety.
Recognising Warning Signs
Abusive situations often escalate gradually. Knowing the warning signs can help you — or someone you care about — recognise danger early.
If you recognise these signs, you are not alone. Help is available — see the helplines on this page.
How You Can Help
Everyone has a role to play in ending GBV — whether as a bystander, survivor, ally, or community member.
Listen Without Judgement
If someone discloses abuse, believe them. Listen, support, and never blame them for what happened.
Speak Up & Challenge Norms
Challenge sexist jokes, harmful attitudes, and gender stereotypes in your community and social circles.
Share Resources
Know your local helplines and services. Share them widely — someone in need may not ask directly.
Advocate for Policy Change
Support organisations and policies that protect survivors and fund gender-equality programmes.
Further Reading & Resources
Deepen your understanding with these trusted organisations and resources.